DELAY TIMER FOR STABILIZER OR ANOTHER EQUIPMENT
Description.
This straight forward circuit will
protect electrical appliances from over voltage as well as under
voltage. The circuit also produces an alarm when the power supply comes
back. An ideal circuit for home to protect your valuable equipments from
voltage fluctuations. The same circuit with some modifications can be
used to make a automatic voltage stabilizer.
When the mains voltage is in the normal level, the
voltage at the negative terminal of zener diode D4 will be less than 5.6
Volts. At this condition transistor T1 will not conduct. The same time
voltage at the negative terminal of zener diode D5 will be greater than
5.6 and so the transistor T2 will be conducting. The relay will be
activated and the green LED will be glowing.
When the mains voltage is higher than the set limit the transistor T1
becomes conducting since the voltage at the negative terminal of D4 is
greater than 5.6 V. At the same time transistor T2 will be non
conducting which results in the deactivation of relay to cut the mains
supply from load. When the mains voltage is less than the set limit
transistors T1 & T2 becomes non conducting making the relay to
de-activate and cut the load from mains.The timer NE555 is wired as a monostable multivibrator with a pulse width of 10ms.When the power comes back after a cut off a negative voltage is obtained at the trigger pin which triggers the IC NE555. The transistor T3 gets forward biased and it drives the buzzer to produce a beep as an indication of power resumption. Also the transistor T1 is made on which in turn makes T2 off. As a result the relay will remain de- activate for 10ms and this provides the sufficient delay and the equipment is protected from surge voltages.
Circuit diagram with Parts list.Click to enlarge.
Notes. - To calibrate the circuit a autotransformer is needed. Connect the output of autotransformer to the transformer primary.
- Set the voltage to 260V and adjust VR1 to make the relay deactivated.
- Now set the autotransformer to 160V and adjust VR2 so that the relay is de-energized.
- VR3 can be used to vary the volume of buzzer.
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